PHP Technical Interview Questions
Give the syntax of REVOKE commands?
The generic syntax for revoke is as following
REVOKE [rights] on [database] FROM [username@hostname]
Now rights can be:
a) ALL privileges
b) Combination of CREATE, DROP, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE etc.
We can grant rights on all database by using *.* or some specific database by database.* or a specific table by database.table_name.
What is the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR data types?
CHAR is a fixed length data type. CHAR(n) will take n characters of storage even if you enter less than n characters to that column. For example, "Hello!" will be stored as "Hello! " in CHAR(10) column.
VARCHAR is a variable length data type. VARCHAR(n) will take only the required storage for the actual number of characters entered to that column. For example, "Hello!" will be stored as "Hello!" in VARCHAR(10) column.
How can we encrypt and decrypt a data present in a mysql table using mysql?
AES_ENCRYPT() and AES_DECRYPT()
Will comparison of string "10" and integer 11 work in PHP?
Yes, internally PHP will cast everything to the integer type, so numbers 10 and 11 will be compared.
What is the functionality of MD5 function in PHP?
string md5(string)
It calculates the MD5 hash of a string. The hash is a 32-character hexadecimal number.
How can I load data from a text file into a table?
The MySQL provides a LOAD DATA INFILE command. You can load data from a file. Great tool but you need to make sure that:
a) Data must be delimited
b) Data fields must match table columns correctly
How can we know the number of days between two given dates using MySQL?
Use DATEDIFF()
SELECT DATEDIFF(NOW(),'2006-07-01');
How can we change the name of a column of a table?
This will change the name of column:
ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE old_colm_name new_colm_name
How can we change the data type of a column of a table?
This will change the data type of a column:
ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE colm_name same_colm_name [new data type]
What is the difference between GROUP BY and ORDER BY in SQL?
To sort a result, use an ORDER BY clause.
The most general way to satisfy a GROUP BY clause is to scan the whole table and create a new temporary table where all rows from each group are consecutive, and then use this temporary table to discover groups and apply aggregate functions (if any).
ORDER BY [col1],[col2],...[coln]; Tells DBMS according to what columns it should sort the result. If two rows will have the same value in col1 it will try to sort them according to col2 and so on.
GROUP BY [col1],[col2],...[coln]; Tells DBMS to group (aggregate) results with same value of column col1. You can use COUNT(col1), SUM(col1), AVG(col1) with it, if you want to count all items in group, sum all values or view average.
What is meant by MIME?
Answer 1:
MIME is Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions is an Internet standard for the format of e-mail. However browsers also uses MIME standard to transmit files. MIME has a header which is added to a beginning of the data. When browser sees such header it shows the data as it would be a file (for example image)
Some examples of MIME types:
audio/x-ms-wmp
image/png
application/x-shockwave-flash
Answer 2:
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.
WWW's ability to recognize and handle files of different types is largely dependent on the use of the MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) standard. The standard provides for a system of registration of file types with information about the applications needed to process them. This information is incorporated into Web server and browser software, and enables the automatic recognition and display of registered file types.
